The meeting took place for 25 minutes in the Vatican, and is the final leg of what media have dubbed Blair's "farewell tour".
It has been reported that Blair brought gifts for the Roman Catholic head, one of which was an original photograph of John Henry Newman, a 19th century Anglican leader who was one of Britain's most illustrious converts to Catholicism.
Following the 25-minute private meeting in the pontiff's study, the most-senior member of the Roman Catholic Church in England, Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, joined the meeting.
The prime minister's wife, Cherie Blair, who is already a Catholic, accompanied her husband to the Vatican, and also met the Pope along with a British delegation at the end of the private talks.
A Vatican statement reveals that Pope Benedict and Blair conversed on various international situations, including Europe and the Middle East.
The statement told how the Vatican welcomed Blair's intentions to work towards peace in the Middle East region, and to promote inter-religious dialogue when he steps down as prime minister.
In an interview with the Times on Saturday, when asked if he would convert, Blair answered: "I don't want to talk about it. It's difficult with some of these things. Things aren't always as resolved as they might be."
