Results of the survey show high awareness of the issue of climate change among the FTSE 100 companies and a willingness among some to face greater regulation as a result. But disclosure of current greenhouse gas emissions is still very patchy, with standards varying widely from company to company, and absolute reduction targets a rarity.
"We recognise that reducing carbon intensity in production is an essential step towards reducing emissions, but the impression that many companies leave is that they are reducing their overall impact, and this is by no means guaranteed unless reductions are absolute," said Brannen. "This once again demonstrates the need for the Government to set mandatory standards for measuring and reporting emissions so that it is clear exactly how much is being emitted and whether the cuts are making a difference."
Currently, fewer than one in five companies have absolute emissions reduction targets and only seven companies have a time-bound target equivalent to cuts of five per cent a year. Rather than absolute reduction targets, many companies (almost one-third) have 'intensity' targets which are commitments to reduce the amount of emissions produced per product or given amount of revenue.
For companies with intensity targets - accounting for the majority of companies which have emissions targets, it is possible that, while emissions per unit of production will decrease, total emissions may increase as long as the company's business grows, Christian Aid warned.
Around one in five companies are planning emissions targets, whilst the remainder (about one third) did not provide data or were against annual targets.
Christian Aid's research also shows how few companies adhere to DEFRA guidelines when disclosing emissions. A majority of companies in the sample do either report their Scope 1 emissions (31 companies) or their total greenhouse gas emissions (27 companies). However, fewer than half of all companies calculate and report any indication of Scope 2 emissions, and only one in four report or estimate Scope 3 emissions. Around one in six companies still provide no data on their emissions at all.
Scopes 2 and 3 are poorly reported so actual footprints are likely to be significantly under-estimated and unknown, said Christian Aid. Only 24 companies measure and report their Scope 2 emissions fully, with a similar number reporting most, some or an estimate of Scope 2 emissions. Only around one in 14 companies measures and reports their Scope 3 emissions; this figure rises to around one in four when partial measurements and estimates are taken into account.
Many companies in the Christian Aid sample take part in the Carbon Disclosure Project, and a majority of these allow their disclosures to be made publicly available. Twenty-eight companies responded to the question of whether disclosure of emissions should be made mandatory. Of these, two thirds support mandatory reporting, around half with caveats. Only one in nine (three companies) stated that they consider mandatory reporting to be the wrong approach. Christian Aid's data implies that companies are willing to participate in a full reporting mechanism, were government to implement this policy.
