It was at Lakeside that Gates met Allen, a student two years his senior who shared his fascination with computers.
"Of course, in those days we were just goofing around, or so we thought," Gates recalled in "The Road Ahead."
During his two years at Harvard, Gates devoted much of his time to programming marathons and all-night poker sessions before dropping out to work on software for the Altair, a clunky desktop computer that cost $400 in kit form.
Also at Harvard, Gates became friends with an ebullient Detroit native who shared his love of math and cynical humour. Gates eventually talked that classmate, current CEO Steve Ballmer, into leaving business school to join Microsoft.
Gates dropped out of Harvard and relocated with Allen to Albuquerque, New Mexico, where they established Microsoft.
Their big break came in 1980 when Gates and his carelessly dressed young colleagues signed an agreement to build the operating system that became known as MS-DOS for International Business Machines Corp's new personal computer.
In a critical blunder by IBM, Microsoft was allowed to license the operating system to others, spawning an industry of "IBM-compatible" machines dependent on Microsoft software.
"His legacy has to be as one of the shrewdest businessmen and technologist of the 20th century," said Michael Cusumano, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Sloan School of Management.
Microsoft went public in 1986 in one of the most celebrated offerings of its time. By the next year, the soaring stock made Gates, at age 31, the youngest self-made billionaire.
Overseeing Microsoft's steady growth, he became known as a bare-knuckles businessman and manager, sometimes dismissing a suggestion as "the stupidest thing I have ever heard."
Microsoft grew to dominate its industry and became the target of a landmark antitrust case, which it fought every step of the way before eventually settling with U.S. prosecutors.
Rob Helm, director of research at independent research firm Directions of Microsoft, said Gates will go down as one of the great businessmen in history like John D. Rockefeller - for better or for worse.
"He's never going to be necessarily a widely admired figure, but someone who created an activity that came to represent a chunk of the American economy."
