Before the indictment Khartoum, which is not a party to the court, pledged to continue peace efforts and to protect U.N. staff in Darfur, home to the world's largest relief operation.
While Bashir's government sought support abroad, its coalition partner said it favoured talks with the ICC, something Bashir's dominant National Congress Party (NCP) has rejected.
"We should open a window of consultation, exchange of views with the ICC," the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) spokesman Yasir Arman told Reuters.
Arab foreign ministers said they would hold an emergency meeting on Saturday to discuss the case against Bashir, a former army general who came to power in a coup in 1989.
The chairman of the African Union urged the ICC to suspend any moves to arrest Bashir so as to help efforts to end strife in Sudan, which has spread beyond western Darfur into the east and south and to neighbouring nations.
"If you arrest Bashir, you will create a leadership vacuum in Sudan. The outcome could be equal to that of Iraq. There would be an increase in anarchy," Tanzanian Foreign Affairs Minister Bernard Membe told Reuters, speaking on behalf of President Jakaya Kikwete who chairs the African Union.
Human rights groups welcomed the prosecutor's action.
"Charging President al-Bashir for the hideous crimes in Darfur shows that no one is above the law," said Richard Dicker of New York-based Human Rights Watch.
"GENOCIDAL ORDERS"
U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said he expected Sudan to ensure the safety of U.N. staff there despite the Darfur proceedings, noting in a statement that the "United Nations must respect the independence of the judicial process."
Moreno-Ocampo said it usually took two to three months for ICC judges to rule on an application for an arrest warrant, but it could take longer as this case was so complicated. He said he would also ask the court to freeze Bashir's assets.
The prosecutor said Bashir masterminded a plan to destroy the Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa ethnic groups in Darfur who launched a rebellion in 2003 against the Khartoum government, accusing it of marginalising the vast western province.
He charged Bashir with three counts of genocide, five of crimes against humanity, including murder, extermination, forcible transfer, torture and rape, and two of war crimes.
The prosecution said Bashir promoted those who complied with his "genocidal orders", such as Humanitarian Affairs Minister Ahmed Haroun, whom the ICC charged last year over Darfur.
"The decision on this indictment is a victory for humanity," said Suleiman Sandal of the Darfur rebel Justice and Equality Movement. "Now this decision will put Bashir in a corner and will help us now to overtake this regime. A criminal man cannot be a president of a member state of the United Nations."
