STRONG SIGNAL
Sally Chin, Sudan analyst from the International Crisis Group thinktank, said the unanimous vote -- including Sudan's ally China -- sent a strong signal.
"Just because the 'sticks' of sanctions was removed from the text...does not mean they don't still exist as a tool, as the UK and the U.S. made very clear," she said.
The resolution invokes Chapter 7 of the U.N. Charter, under which the United Nations can authorise force for self-defence, to ensure the free movement of aid workers and protect civilians under attack, but it acknowledges Sudan's sovereignty.
The resolution also no longer allows the force to seize illegal arms, saying it can only monitor such weapons.
"All of these provisions were important and their deletion marks a serious weakening of the resolution," said U.S. academic and Sudan expert Eric Reeves, while adding that China's vote for the resolution was a step forward.
Differences over the interpretation of the resolution could also make life more difficult for the force. While Western countries stress the mandate for protecting civilians, Sudan emphasises the fact that it retains its authority.
U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, who conducted months of talks with Khartoum, described the resolution as "historic and unprecedented" and said the mission would "make a clear and positive difference".
Activists from the Save Darfur Coalition welcomed the resolution but warned troop contributing countries they had to move quickly. In a statement it said: "The world has failed Darfur on past occasions, condemning millions to a horrific fate."
French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner said the force needed to move forward side by side with a final peace deal.
"We need a political settlement, the rebel groups to return to the negotiating table, and the Sudanese government to accept the political settlement," he told RTL radio on Wednesday.
The rebels themselves have now split into a dozen groups, many fighting one another. The United Nations and African Union are hosting a meeting in Tanzania from Friday to try to unite the groups before peace talks with the government.
